Overview
The defence industry plays a crucial role in the UK economy, supplying advanced technology, military vehicles, aircraft, and naval ships to defence forces worldwide. Major companies such as BAE Systems, Airbus, and MBDA employ over 100,000 people and generate more than £20 billion annually. With steady industry growth of around 3% per year, graduates entering this field can expect strong career prospects, particularly in cutting-edge areas like cyber defence, artificial intelligence, and aerospace technology.
Over the past two decades, the industry has expanded beyond traditional military manufacturing, offering roles in engineering, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, logistics, and project management. Innovations developed within defence frequently influence civilian technology, with advancements in drone technology, telecommunications, and even medical imaging originating from defence research.
For graduates interested in high-tech careers, the defence sector offers exciting opportunities to work on innovative projects such as:
- Cyber Defence Systems – Developing security measures to protect national infrastructure.
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) – Designing next-generation drones for military and surveillance use.
- Advanced Radar & Early Warning Systems – Enhancing detection and response capabilities.
- Naval & Aerospace Engineering – Designing new aircraft, submarines, and aircraft carriers for the Royal Navy.
With a growing emphasis on security and technology, this sector provides a unique and rewarding career path for graduates eager to work on large-scale, high-impact projects.
Average Defence Graduate Salary
Defence Graduate Career Path
A career in the defence industry offers diverse opportunities depending on your skills and interests. While engineering and technology-focused roles dominate the field, there are also positions in project management, business operations, and sales.
Common job roles include:
- Engineering & Aerospace – Designing military aircraft, naval vessels, propulsion systems, and cyber defence technologies.
- Cybersecurity & IT – Protecting national security by developing and implementing cyber defence measures.
- Design & Innovation – Creating new technology for defence applications, from AI-powered weapons to surveillance systems.
- Project & Programme Management – Leading large-scale defence projects, ensuring they meet security and military specifications.
- Business Development & Sales – Working with government clients to supply advanced defence technology.
Major employers:
- BAE Systems, MBDA, Airbus – Global leaders in defence technology with extensive career opportunities.
- General Dynamics, Lockheed Martin UK, Rolls-Royce Defence – Companies specialising in defence innovation and aerospace.
- Specialist Defence Start-ups & SMEs – Focusing on cutting-edge military technology and cyber solutions.
Graduates can enter the industry through technical or non-technical roles, with pathways leading to senior management, advisory roles at the Ministry of Defence (MoD), or even defence consultancy. Those with an entrepreneurial mindset may also explore opportunities in defence technology start-ups.
Qualifications and Skills Needed
What proportion of candidates as a percent we place into Defence graduate careers and the typical qualities graduate employers look for.
GRB Placements for Defence by Degree
Typical Candidate Attributes
Most graduate roles in the defence sector are best suited to those with engineering, mathematics, computer science, or scientific degrees.
Preferred degrees include:
- Aerospace Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering – For roles in aircraft and vehicle design.
- Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science – For roles in modelling, simulations, and defence systems.
- Business Management & IT – For non-technical roles in project management, sales, and HR.
Typical entry requirements:
- 2:1 degree or higher (Some defence companies may accept 2:2 if accompanied by relevant experience).
- GCSE passes in Mathematics and English (minimum Grade 5).
These are some essential skills needed to be successful in defence, these will also be very useful on your CV as keywords when companies are searching for candidates:
- Technical & Scientific Knowledge – Solid understanding of engineering principles and military technologies.
- Analytical & Problem-Solving – Ability to develop innovative solutions to complex defence challenges.
- IT Skills – Familiarity with modelling software, data analysis tools, and cybersecurity systems.
- Adaptability & Flexibility – Willingness to travel and work in various locations, including remote or international sites.
- Communication & Networking – Ability to work across teams and communicate complex ideas to both technical and non-technical audiences.
- Commitment to Security – Understanding the importance of confidentiality in sensitive projects and adherence to official security protocols.
Application & Recruitment Process
The recruitment process for defence companies is thorough due to the nature of the work and security regulations. Candidates must demonstrate both technical ability and an understanding of security protocols.
Typical hiring process:
- Online Application – Includes a CV, cover letter, and academic credentials. Some companies require eligibility for security clearance.
- Aptitude & Technical Tests – Designed to assess problem-solving, engineering knowledge, and cybersecurity skills.
- Assessment Centres – Involves group exercises, presentations, and case studies.
- Security Clearance Checks – Some roles require a background check before proceeding to the final stages.
- Final Interview – A competency-based interview focusing on technical expertise, problem-solving, and industry knowledge.
Is a Career in Defence Right For You?
If you are passionate about innovation, security, and working on cutting-edge technology, the defence industry offers an exciting and rewarding career path. However, it requires a high level of responsibility, adherence to confidentiality, and an interest in national security.
For those seeking a career with long-term stability, technological advancement, and the chance to make a real-world impact, the defence sector provides a unique and fulfilling opportunity.
Sources for Further Information
Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies rusi.org
United Kingdom National Defence Association (UKNDA) www.uknda.org